English
writing : structuring an argument
در بسیاری از متن‌ها و نوشته‌ها شما ساختار‌هایی از بحث و جدال را می‌بینید. برای واقعی و بهتر جلوه دادن این بحث‌ها ما می‌توانیم از writing : structuring an argument استفاده کنیم. این کار علاوه بر زیبا تر کردن متن به تقویت لغات زبان نیز کمک می‌کند. در انتهای مقاله یک فایل صوتی قرار داده شده است که حتما به آن گوش کنید.
Organizing the text
اینجا چند writing : structuring an argument با هم یاد‌میگیریم که برای استفاده درست در متن مفید است و لغات زبان شما را گسترش می‌دهد.
Adverbs in English fall into two main categories: those ending in -ly (e.g. softly) and those with other endings (e.g. well).
In this chapter, I draw a distinction between societies where democracy has developed slowly and those where it came about quickly or suddenly.
But we also need to take into consideration the economic history of Latin America as a whole.
Later, I shall make reference to the work of Georgi Perelmutter, a leading figure in the field of zoology.
Chapter 3 raises important questions about the need for transport planning in rapidly growing urban environments. It also touches on issues such as pollution.
This chapter makes a case for re-examining the assassination of President Kennedy in the light of evidence which has emerged since 1963.
fall into categories: دسته بندی افراد یا چیز‌های شبیه به هم
draw a distinction between: تمایز بین
take into consideration: در نظر گرفتن
make reference to: مراجعه به
raises questions: سوالاتی را بوجود آوردن
touches on issues: صحبت یا نوشته مختصر درباره یک موضوع
makes a case for: ایجاد بحث
Reinforcing arguments
به خلاصه‌های زیر که از سخنرانی و ارائه‌های دانشگاهی آورده شده توجه کنید و writing : structuring an argument آن را یادبگیرید.
1- Many studies have attempted to assess the significance of diet in the prevention of cancer.
2- Wastov lays emphasis on examining the vital first three years of a child’s development.
3- These statistics lend support to the view that attitudes to the environment are changing fundamentally.
4- Some economists hold firmly to the belief that a certain level of unemployment is inevitable.
assess the significance: ارزیابی اهمیت
lays emphasis on: تاکید کردن بر
lend support to: تایید و حمایت از
hold firmly to: به عقیده ود پایبند بودن
More collocations for referring to arguments
در متن زیاد لغات زبان و writing : structuring an argument بیشتری را یادخواهیم گرفت. با گوش دادن به فایل صوتی انتهای مقاله تلفط درست collocationها را به خوبی بیاموزید.
The book The Eye of the Universe draws an analogy between the birth of the universe and a lottery. It also draws parallels between the formation of new stars and the birth and death of flowers. It presents the case for a complete rethinking of how we understand space. The author, Patrick Rivaux, puts forward the argument that the universe is as it is because we humans are here looking at it. The author takes up / adopts the position that the universe cannot have any beginning or end, and states his opinion that we can never understand the universe using the human ideas of time and space. He argues convincingly that the universe has a unique nature. He draws attention to new research which suggests that other universes may also exist alongside ours. He briefly summaries the views of leading physicists and mathematicians, disagrees profoundly with some of them and draws the conclusion that science alone cannot solve the mystery of the universe.
draws an analogy: مقایسه برای پیدا کردن شباهت
draws parallels: نوشتن شباهت
presents the case for: نشان دادن مدرک
puts forward the argument: مطرح کردن بحث
takes up / adopts the position: بدست گرفتن موقعیت
states opinion: اظهار نظر
argues convincingly: بحث متقاعد کننده
draws attention to research: جلب توجه به تحقیقات
briefly summaries: خلاصه خیلی کوتاه
disagrees profoundly: مخالفت کامل
draws the conclusion: نتیجه گیری کردن
تمرین Academic writing : structuring an argument
در تمرین زیر collocation مناسب را انتخاب کنید.
1- This paper proposes / presents / offers the case for the complete revision of the theory.
2- Recent research bints / explains / suggests that Jackson’s theory of economic development
is flawed.
3- The author of the book adopts / adapts / affects an unusual position on the topic.
4- The writer of the article explains / states / declares his opinion very clearly.
5- The article concludes by briefly / shortly / precisely summarizing the main points that the
author wishes to put across.
6- The writer does / draws / creates some interesting parallels between life now and life in
the Middle Ages.
7- I keep / take / hold firmly to my belief in the importance of basic human rights.
8- The book rises / arises / raises some key questions but fails to deal with them in a
satisfactory manner.
فایل صوتی Academic writing : structuring an argument
following to different categories: دسته‌های مختلف را دنبال کردن
revise the paper: تجدید نظر در مقاله
carry out a study: مطالعه کردن
prove your points: اثبات نکات
خلاصه
در این مقاله به مانند مقاله قبلی یعنی writing : giving opinion درباره نکاتی برای نوشتن صحبت کردیم. همینطور writing : structuring an argument و لغات زبان بیشتری نیز یاد گرفتیم.
